Which of the following describes a characteristic of a progressive tax system?

In a progressive tax system, the tax rate increases as the taxable amount increases. This means that individuals or households with higher incomes pay a larger percentage of their income in taxes compared to those with lower incomes. The rationale behind this system is based on the ability to pay principle, which argues that those who can afford to contribute more should do so to help fund government services and programs.

By taxing higher-income households at a higher rate, a progressive tax system aims to reduce income inequality and distribute the tax burden more equitably across different income levels. This structure not only helps fund public services but also plays a role in wealth redistribution, enhancing social equity.

Options that suggest high-income households paying lower or the same percentage of their income as low-income households do not align with the fundamental principle of a progressive tax system, which is designed specifically to ensure that wealthier individuals contribute a higher share of their income in taxes.