If Frieda buys a dozen roses for $75 and is willing to pay $75, what does this imply about her consumer surplus?

When Frieda buys a dozen roses for $75 and is willing to pay $75, it indicates that she values the roses at precisely the price she paid. Consumer surplus is defined as the difference between what a consumer is willing to pay for a good or service and what they actually pay. In this case, since Frieda's willingness to pay equals the price she paid, there is no difference to create a surplus.

Thus, Frieda's consumer surplus is zero because she is neither gaining additional value from the purchase–which would display in a surplus–nor is she losing value. This situation implies that she has reached a neutral point in terms of satisfaction from the transaction, where her valuation and the transaction price match perfectly.